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| The Hidden Power of Social Networks: Understanding How Work Really Gets Done in Organizations | 
 enlarge | Authors: Robert L. Cross, Andrew Parker, Rob Cross
Publisher: Harvard Business School Press
Category: Book
List Price: $32.95
Buy New: $14.98
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Avg. Customer Rating:  (12 reviews)
Sales Rank: 168890
Languages: English (Original Language), English (Unknown), English (Published)
Media: Hardcover
Number Of Items: 1
Pages: 304
Shipping Weight (lbs): 1.2
Dimensions (in): 9.2 x 6.3 x 0.9
ISBN: 1591392705
Dewey Decimal Number: 658
EAN: 9781591392705
ASIN: 1591392705
Publication Date: June 2, 2004
Availability: Usually ships in 1-2 business days
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Product Description
Identifying and Leveraging the Hidden Social Networks That Drive Corporate Performance In today's flatter organizations, collaboration in employee networks has become critical to innovation and to both individual and companywide performance. Executives spend millions on new organizational designs, cultural initiatives, and technologies to promote the sharing of knowledge and expertise across functional, hierarchical, and divisional lines. Yet these efforts have achieved disappointing results. Rob Cross and Andrew Parker argue that's because most managers have little understanding of how their employees actually interact to get work done. In fact, formal "org charts" fail to reveal the often hidden social networks that truly drive--or hinder--an organization's performance. In this eye-opening book, Cross and Parker show managers how to find, assess, and support the networks most crucial to competitive success. Based on their in-depth study of more than sixty informal networks within organizations around the world, Cross and Parker show how managers can implement a wide range of specific and inexpensive actions-from bridging strategically important disconnects in a network to eliminating information "bottlenecks" to recognizing key connectors-that will enhance the powerful impact networks can have on performance and innovation.
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| Customer Reviews: Read 7 more reviews...
 Knowledge is Power August 18, 2008
0 out of 1 found this review helpful
Although the authors do not say so, this book is really about knowledge based organizations as either independent entities or as part of a larger organization. Information is the essential raw material for all knowledge based organizations. This book then is really about how information flows through such an organization and how information based decisions are developed by means of social networking.
Social networking has long been identified by sociologists as the indispensible inter-personal relationships for group cohesion and effectiveness. Cross and Parker have taken this concept one step further and demonstrate that the acquisition and flow of information in a knowledge based organization is dependent on such social networking. Indeed they maintain that by reconstructing existing corporate social networks it is not only possible to identify the real production flows, but also those individuals who expedite or impede that flow. Along the way they identify such personality types as `energizers' and `de-energizers' as well as bottle necks and uneven distribution of tasks and responsibilities. They also identify peripheral individuals and groups that often become ineffective because they become too isolated from the main flows of information. Perhaps the most important point they make is that for a `knowledge based enterprise' information sharing and collaboration are absolutely essential for the successes of the enterprise. Again although they do not specifically discuss this, reconstructing a social network also identifies an organization's real leaders as opposed to notional leaders. Indeed they point out an organization's formal organization chart (beloved by bureaucrats everywhere) often has nothing to do with work flows or actual relationships. But it should be noted that Cross and Parker describe social networking as it occurs within a hierarchical framework, with an identifiable decision making system is in place. Their concept is closer to the information driven Network Centric Warfare (as developed by the U.S. Military) than the free wheeling networked type of organizations as described in the book, "The Starfish and the Spider" (Penguin, 2006). Yet perhaps a networked type of organization may be what their concepts of social networks will eventually create. This is abook well worth reading.
Outstanding Overview for CEOs and MBAs going into HR August 2, 2008
2 out of 3 found this review helpful
Ben Gilad, one of the top five business intelligence gurus that I know, teaches us that CEO information is invariably filtered, late, incomplete, and/or subjective, lacking in analytic rigor (and in my own experience, based on the easy 2% of the information the subordinates can access easily). CEOs have to not only create their own internal "organizational intelligence" unit, they have to read for themselves--reading and thinking cannot be delegated.
This is a great book, an essential reference for CEOs who are willing to open their minds and consider the possibility that the Weberian model of bureaucracy as knowledge-hoarding and information pigeon-holing is pathologically out of touch with the the diversity and pace of the modern world.
I do not agree with those that dismiss this book as being for consultants. It is an easy to read, well-organized, and ably-ducumented offering (including appendices with specific questions for exploration, and before and after charts).
I am loading a chart above of the four quadrants of knowledge, information, and intelligence that I have been exploring since the 1990's.
1. Most organizations are barely familiar with Quadrant I (Knowledge Management or data mining or making the most of what we already know.
2. A few are in Phase I of Quadrant II, on levering social networks both internally and externally--the Business Week cover story of 20 June 2005 on "The Power of Us" is a superb starting point for that one.
3. A handful of us have been focusing on Quadrant III since the 1990's, and Peter Drucker, writing in Forbes ASAP on 28 August 1998 said it best: "We have spent 50 years focusing on the T in IT, we should spend the next 50 years focusing on the I in IT."
4. Finally, also the seminal work was written in 1967 (Organizational Intelligence (Knowledge and Policy in Government and Industry), most organizations, and the US Government and United Nations in particular, are deaf, dumb, and blind in Quadrant IV, Organizational Intelligence.
I like this book. It is not a cookie-cutter book, it is a serious stepping stone for anyone wanting to think about the move away from pyramidal organizations and toward ever-expanding circular organizations.
Other books in this vein recommended for CEOs (see also my Leadership list):
The Battle for the Soul of Capitalism
Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next Industrial Revolution
The Knowledge Executive
The exemplar: The exemplary performer in the age of productivity
Early Warning: Using Competitive Intelligence to Anticipate Market Shifts, Control Risk, and Create Powerful Strategies
Fog Facts: Searching for Truth in the Land of Spin
The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom
Society's Breakthrough!: Releasing Essential Wisdom and Virtue in All the People
Building a Knowledge-Driven Organization
I also recommend the six books I have published, espeically the ones on public intelligence and collective intelligence and on information operations, and books on the general topic of group gtenius, wisdom of the crowds, smart mobs, and so on.
How to find, assess, and support strategically important networks in your organization May 6, 2008
1 out of 1 found this review helpful
In recent years, there have been several excellent books published on the important subject of social networks and this is one of the most informative as Rob Cross and Andrew Parker examine various social networks that are dynamic and conditioned by strategy, infrastructure, and the work that is being done at a given time, noting a unique characteristic of them: information does not flow through unchanged through a human network as it does through Internet routers. "People add context, interpretation, and meaning as they receive information and pass it along." The implications are of special interest to me, in light of the rapidly increasing impact of blogging, another indication of "information transparency." Cross and Parker base their observations and recommendations on their involvement with more than 60 strategically important networks in a wide range of well-known organizations. They explain how "managers can use the tools of social network analysis to assess and support those within their own organizations, and it's much better to take this targeted approach rather than leave collaboration to chance."
Specifically, they explain how to
Reveal and leverage "the hidden power" of social networks
Identify and repair critical disconnects
Develop a "sense and respond" organizational capability
Create energy throughout an organization
Understand how individuals affect a network
Initiate, develop, and sustain networks
Align organizational context to support social networks
Identify and then prepare for a network's future challenges
Then in Appendix A, Cross and Parker explain how to conduct and interpret a social network analysis and, in Appendix B, they provide tools for promoting network connectivity.
For me, some of the most valuable material is provided in Chapter 5, "Pinpointing the Problem: Understanding How Individuals Affect a Network," as Cross and Parker identify four types of people and their positions within a network: Central Connectors (e.g. "The Unsung Hero" and "the Bottleneck"), Boundary Spanners (i.e. those who "connect a department with other departments in the organization or with similar departments in other organizations"), Information Brokers (i.e. those who communicate across subgroups of an informal network "so that the group as a whole won't splinter into smaller, less-effective segments"), and Peripheral People (i.e. those who "might either need [vary degrees of] help getting better connected or need space to operate on the fringes"). Cross and Parker duly acknowledge that there are many different ways to assess the composition of a network, and, of individuals who comprise it. Obviously, members who are centrally can have a positive or negative impact on a network's value in terms of what is learned as well as which mindsets and viewpoints are predominant. As for boundary spanners, they can play an important role "when people need to share different kinds of expertise -- for example, in establishing strategic alliances between companies or developing new products. Their involvement will help to facilitate effective communication, cooperation, and collaboration between and among those who might otherwise function in a disconnected number of organizational "silos" and "bunkers." Alas, boundary spanners are rare.
With regard to information brokers, they can help an organization "disseminate certain kinds of information and promote connectivity throughout a network [or matrix of networks]."These brokers tend to be third-parties outside the given organization who have direct access to other organizations; other brokers could be individuals within an organization who also have access through their own personal networks. Some of the latter could also be viewed as "intentionally peripheral" in that they operate on the fringes of a network (perhaps for personal reasons) but who, nonetheless, can add substantial value to a network by helping it to obtain certain access it needs. The most effective, efficient, and productive social networks need lots of "bridges" and people to build and then maintain them.
Credit Cross and Parker with providing two supplementary sources of exceptional actionable value. Appendix A includes a six-step process for "Conducting a Social Network Analysis," followed by a "Case Example" of that process based on an unnamed oil and gas services organization. In Appendix B, they provide and then carefully explain three kinds of assessment tools for promoting network connectivity: "Personal Network Diagnostic" whose exercises help to increase one's understanding one's personal network and how to create an action plan to optimize its effectiveness; "Relationship Building" whose facilitated exercises can help to promote network connectivity through relationship building; and "Organizational Context Diagnostic" that can be included with network surveys to gain a better sense of how aspects of context affect collaboration throughout a network.
It remains for each reader to determine the nature and extent of this book's relevance to her or his own organization's immediate, intermediate, and long-term needs in terms of increasing its effectiveness, productivity, and efficiency by improving communication, cooperation, and collaboration between and among everyone involved throughout the enterprise. For many reasons, the power of social networks is now hidden but that will not continue to be true if their C-level executives read this book with appropriate care, then formulate an appropriate plan, engage their people at all levels and in all levels when implementing that plan, and then rigorously evaluate its progress thereafter, making whatever modifications may be necessary.
Those who share my high regard for this volume are urged to check out Jay Cross's Informal Learning, Gary Hamel's The Future of Management (with Bill Breen), and Ram Charan's Leaders At All Levels as well as Charlene Li and Josh Bernoff's Groundswell: Winning in a World Transformed by Social Technologies, Enterprise Architecture as Strategy: Creating a Foundation for Business Execution co-authored by Jeanne Ross, Peter Weill, and David Robertson, Richard Ogle's Smart World: Breakthrough Creativity and the New Science of Ideas, and Global Brain co-authored by Satish Nambisan and Mohanbir Sawhney.
 Interesting Subject, but.... February 15, 2008
2 out of 4 found this review helpful
The topics covered are interesting, and relevant to network analysis in corporations, but the sections should have broken down a little further. Too much text tends to bore readers who are a bit more technical. Maybe include more diagrams as well.
A hands-on guide on social network analysis January 22, 2008
Do you understand the dynamics of the social networks within your organization? Are you even aware of them? Are your workers well-connected with each other? Are they able to collaborate effortlessly? Don't feel bad if you don't know. Few executives understand how workers connect and collaborate within their organizations. To get a better handle on how work actually gets done in your company, turn to "social network analysis." Rob Cross and Andrew Parker explain how to use this diagnostic tool to describe the worker networks that invisibly traverse your organization. With this information, you can uncover and eliminate bottlenecks, roadblocks and hurdles that impede workflow and progress. Plus, you can determine the best ways to enhance employee connectivity and promote collaboration. getAbstract recommends this hands-on guide to you if you want to identify your firm's worker networks and make them more robust for your organization's benefit.
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